Philadelphia operates under a mayor-council form of government, meaning the city’s mayor serves as the chief executive, while a City Council acts as the legislative branch. The government structure is shaped by the Philadelphia Home Rule Charter, which was established in 1951 to give the city more control over its own affairs.

Executive Branch: The Mayor

The Mayor of Philadelphia is elected to a four-year term and can serve up to two consecutive terms. The mayor oversees the city’s daily operations, appoints department heads, and proposes the annual budget. They are responsible for implementing policies, enforcing laws, and leading city services like public safety, sanitation, and transportation. The mayor also plays a crucial role in economic development and responding to major city issues such as crime, housing, and public health.

Legislative Branch: City Council

Philadelphia’s City Council is the legislative body responsible for passing laws, approving the city’s budget, and overseeing government operations. The council consists of 17 members:

• 10 district representatives, each elected by residents of a specific geographic area.
• 7 at-large members, elected citywide.

City Council plays a key role in determining policies on zoning, taxation, and public services. It often works closely with the mayor but also serves as a check on executive power.

Judicial System: Philadelphia Courts

Philadelphia’s judicial system is part of Pennsylvania’s Unified Judicial System but operates at a local level. The city’s courts include:

• Philadelphia Municipal Court, handling small claims, landlord-tenant disputes, and minor criminal cases.
• Court of Common Pleas, which oversees major criminal cases, civil lawsuits, family law matters, and appeals from the municipal court.

Judges in Philadelphia are elected and serve terms of varying lengths.

Key City Departments and Agencies

Philadelphia’s government is made up of multiple departments that handle different aspects of city life, including:

• Philadelphia Police Department (PPD) – Responsible for law enforcement and public safety.
• Philadelphia Fire Department (PFD) – Provides fire protection and emergency medical services.
• Philadelphia Department of Public Health – Oversees health policies, hospitals, and public health initiatives.
• Streets Department – Manages trash collection, road maintenance, and city cleanliness.
• Department of Licenses and Inspections (L&I) – Ensures building safety and enforces city codes.
• Philadelphia Housing Authority (PHA) – Addresses affordable housing and development.
• Office of Sustainability – Focuses on climate action and environmental policies.

Philadelphia’s Relationship with Pennsylvania State Government

As the largest city in Pennsylvania, Philadelphia has a unique relationship with the Pennsylvania state government. The city relies on state funding for various programs, including public schools, transportation, and public safety. However, state laws sometimes limit Philadelphia’s ability to govern itself, such as restrictions on gun control policies and taxation.

Elections and Political Landscape

Philadelphia has a strong tradition of political activism and leans heavily Democratic. The city plays a significant role in statewide and national elections, often influencing Pennsylvania’s overall political outcomes. Local elections for mayor, city council, and judges are held every four years, while state and federal elections occur on a staggered schedule.

Challenges and Priorities

Philadelphia’s government faces ongoing challenges such as:

• Crime and Public Safety – Reducing gun violence and improving policing strategies.
• Education – Funding and improving the Philadelphia School District.
• Affordable Housing – Addressing rising rents and homelessness.
• Economic Development – Supporting small businesses and job creation.
• Infrastructure – Maintaining roads, public transit, and utilities.

The city’s leadership continually works to balance economic growth with social equity, making governance in Philadelphia a dynamic and evolving process.